| MODEL | THEORIST(S) | ASSESSMENT | INTERVENTION |
|---|---|---|---|
| SOLUTION-FOCUSED | deShazer Berg |
Look for concrete, behavioral, and specific description of problem (but not necessary to know problem to find solution); Focus on exceptions and strengths and resources of client. |
Scaling Question; Coping Questions; Miracle Question; First formula session task; Set small goals and do more of what works (experience the exceptions); “Do more of what works.” |
| NARRATIVE | White Epston |
Identify problem-saturated story that has been dictated by dominant societal discourse; View problems as contextual and relational; Search for unique outcomes and “sparkling moments.” |
Deconstruct problem-saturated stories; Externalize problem; Discover dominant and subjugated stories; Landscape of action questions; Landscape of meaning questions; Co-construct and re-author new (preferred) narrative. |