| MODEL | THEORIST(S) | STANCE | TECHNIQUES |
|---|---|---|---|
| SYMBOLIC-EXPERIENTIAL | Whitaker | Active participant; “Consultant” Ability to play; Provocative; Supportive; Self-disclosing. |
Battle for structure; Battle for initiative; Use of self/”craziness” of therapist; Use of co-therapists; Increases anxiety during session; Accesses emotions; Increases creativity, spontaneity, and ability to play. |
| HUMANISTIC-EXPERIENTIAL | Satir | Active participant; Genuine; Use of warmth; Use of touch; Supportive; Self-Disclosing. |
Never brings up presenting problem; Expands on emotions; Placater, blamer, avoider, computer, leveler; Family Sculpting; Family Life Chronology; “Parts Party;” Temperature reading; Increases creativity, spontaneity, and ability to play. |